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Unsung Heroes

Unsung Heroes

I really enjoy getting together for coffee and conversation with my new friend Buff Scott Jr. Last week Buff mentioned W. Carl Ketcherside and I promised to look him up. I found this written about him.

Few individuals among Churches of Christ in the 20th century were as well-known as W. Carl Ketcherside (1908-1989). He described his journey as that of a piece-maker who became a peacemaker. He was for many a champion for the recovery of a lost unity amid a divided fellowship; for others, his voice represented a dangerous departure from historic restorationism if not biblical teaching.

I found a pdf of his book In The Beginning written in 1957. I would encourage you to read this (pdf at the end). You can read an excerpt of his book here. The second half of his book is dedicated to explaining what true fellowship is. This is so incredibly important if we want to get relational fellowships right. I wanted to do more than a book review and wanted to honor his life in some small way. People like this shouldn’t be forgotten. The excerpt below is from the first chapter of his book.

In the Beginning is not just another book about creation. It does not deal with the primal order of things. Rather, it is about the beginning of a new approach to the vexing problem of sectarianism in our day. It was an approach made by one who had long been steeped in the sectarian spirit without realizing it. It represents some of the things said and done in order to discover freedom in Christ and to stand clear of all that opposed such freedom. It is not by any means the last word in such a struggle. It is possible there will be no last word on earth.

The articles appearing herein were all written about 1957. Some of them were sent forth in fear and trembling. “I was with you in weakness and in much fear and trembling” (1 Cor. 2:3). Some were delivered orally. There has been no intent to be slavishly wedded to them as they originally appeared. Changes have been made in their construction. They have been altered and amended to better convey the idea originally hoped to achieve. The only thing that can be said about them is that they represent an honest attempt to find and recommend a better way than the one previously known.

There is probably nothing more traumatic than for one who has been shut up as a sectarian to be delivered by the grace of God and the power of the Holy Spirit. It is as if an earthquake had occurred which leveled the prison and left one standing in the midst of the wreckage unharmed and unhurt. All that had ever furnished security and protection is now gone, swept aside by the elements. There is no retreat to be found, no shadow in which to hide. All of the subtle little hypocrisies of the past, the caviling and the accommodations are gone. There is no place to flee except to Christ.

It is very difficult to confess that one has been in error much of his life. All past training is opposed to such a confession. It stifles pride. It runs counter to the ego. There is the question of those one has taught. His fellow-prisoners resent his admission. There is the problem of the congregations he has planted. Many of them would rather continue where they are than to acknowledge they have been mistaken. They prefer to embrace the errors with which they are familiar than the truth that is new.

There is the tendency to dart furtive glances in this direction or that, seeking some solution which will allow one to hold on to his own prestige. There is the frantic search for an escape. But none of these can avail. It is only when one admits that he is wrong, and has been wrong all of his life, that he can shed the past as a snake divests himself of his old skin, and be ready to move on to new heights. In the final analysis it is the best thing to do. One does not want to be forever trapped by his own past.

I began in the Missouri Synod Lutheran Church. It was a venerable institution with a stately ritual. Gathered about it were all of the grand teachings of the Monk of Erfurt. Not the least of its history was the tacking of the Ninety-Five Theses on the church door at Wittenberg. I entered it by inheritance. My grandparents were from Denmark and Schlesweig-Holstein. Like thousands of others they brought their religion with them. It was one of form and not of substance. They knew but little about it and nothing of its origin.

But they bitterly resented any attempt to merge with the social order around them. They kept their manners, customs, and language. They expected all to conform to them. My grandmother even kept her old-world form of dress as far as possible. They resented all change with a deep hostility. They were old-order. When I was sprinkled by the Rev. Mr. Peterson I was really inducted into a way of life, more than into a church.

I left the Lutheran Church shortly before I was twelve. In spite of the tenderness of my years the plea that one could be a Christian and Christian only, without being some special kind of a Christian, gripped my heart and provided a certain kind of exultation. It was genuine and now almost sixty years afterwards, I remember how the Spirit strove with me. I recall the deep inward sense of gloom which was mine and the ineffable joy which came when I surrendered to His claim upon my life. I was immersed in a clear creek which wound its way through the pasture, and knew that I was forgiven for the childish sins I had committed.

It was only after I had been preaching the good news for a number of years that I awakened to the fact that I had not been a Christian only, but a partisan. I was actually a Church of Christ Christian. Although it came as quite a shock to find it out, I did not feel betrayed or frustrated. I realized it was a natural development. But I began from that moment on to recognize that the body of Christ was greater than any movement within it. The community of the reconciled was not limited to a movement which began arrogating to itself the name “Church of Christ” but embraced every saved person on the face of the earth. I was helped by a crisis experience in North Ireland in which I was brought face to face with Jesus. If I had never left the United States, or if it had never happened, I would no doubt be today exactly where I was. God forbid.

From 1951 to 1957 I went through all of the “withdrawal symptoms” essential to coming off the party spirit. I lay awake in bed at night and thought of all I had advocated that was wrong. During the day I studied the Word, and prayed, and sometimes wept. How precious it all seemed to me then. I read every copy of the Millennial Harbinger, every Christian Baptist, and all of Lard’s Quarterlies, during that time. I finally became convinced that we had betrayed the restoration movement as it was in the beginning. In its stead we had contrived something of our own which we advocated and which pampered our hearts into thinking we were heirs of that wonderful idea of those who launched it.

I became conscious of the scriptures we had twisted to justify division which was always condemned by the Spirit. Finally I was ready to launch out. It was in 1957 that I first began to advocate what has now become much more popular than it was in those first days. What I advocated was an idea whose time had come. Gradually, as we gained courage and momentum, and as knowledge increased and multiplied, the Mission Messenger began to grow until it went to every continent on the globe.

In the Beginning will recover for you some of our feeble attempts to help men think, to let them see a brighter vision, and to lift them to a broader fellowship in Christ the Lord. As you read it, we sincerely hope that you will recognize it for what it is, the first faint vision of a fellowship which is truly non-sectarian, based upon His will for the lives of us all. It is not the last word upon the theme. Much more and better material will be written by others in the future. May God use it all to His purpose and to the glory of Jesus!

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Surrogate Husband

This is the second excerpt from Megashift written by James Rutz. The first excerpt and my thoughts about the book can be read here. The concept of traditional church pastors becoming surrogate husbands is a topic worth exploring.

What do you want, geldings or giants?

No issue could be clearer: It’s emasculation vs. empowerment. The ordinary sit-‘n-sing church brings one, a team church brings the other.

For many of us, the most exhilarating part of the new Christianity is our rapid growth in power, versatility, and knowledge. We’ve put in too many years in the closed-church system, which locked us into piddly roles, put a cork in our bottle, and gave us burgers and beans instead of a banquet for the soul. Now we’ve got a life without limits.

The house church meeting pattern is great, but the real goal is the house church dynamic, the wide-open tornado that sweeps us into action, propelling us into countless situations where we must use our gifts, take exciting steps of faith, and grow like a radish. Perhaps we’ll even see more miracles soon. As someone has said, “If you want to see what you’ve never seen, then do what you’ve never done.” In an open church, you fall kersplat on your face now and then, but you learn to stand up, wipe off the mud, and keep going. The kersplats are part of the lifestyle. The fast-track discipleship of the new churches is not for invertebrates.

The Holy Spirit has millions of growth tracks to choose from, and your own path of growth will depend to a large extent on what gifts He has given you. Team Christianity opens up avenues of ministry for you that will utilize the full range of your current gifts plus an extended range of higher gifts that you don’t have yet. But take it from me, you’ll love the feel of the wind under your wings.

We have few spectators in open fellowships. “Every-member ministry” sucks in everybody sooner than later. Call it your pilgrim-age, quest, journey of faith, or adventure of adrenaline; the core reality is that you’ll spend the rest of your life in uncharted waters!

The emasculation problem springs from the Christian caste system, which feeds on itself: The greater the pastor, the more that people sit back and say, Wow! I could never preach like that. As lazy laymen dump more responsibility on the pastor, he accumulates a larger share of the church’s spiritual experience, and before long, he is indeed far above his flock.

Tragically, he may even begin to think this is God’s ideal, that he is supposed to hover in the heavenlies and bring down to his benighted followers a weekly blessing of wisdom and inspiration. Christianity Today, which does run a lot of helpful articles, is a leader in this sorry trend. In 1997 they featured a cover article in which the pastor-author tried to woo readers back into pre-Reformation darkness. Excerpts:

…in worship, the pastor must become priest…The pastor assumes the role of mediator, incarnating God to the people…

Through our craft, we will facilitate worship…As pastor-priest, we bring to the congregation the glory of our encounter with God. Having spent long, enduring time in the Lord’s presence, we speak to our congregations out of those encounters…And as we worship, liturgists and leaders become a priesthood, mediating God, showing the depth of their own experiences, radiating God’s glory, pointing weary souls heavenward…

I remember when one of our daughters was baptized. She stood near the baptismal font as our pastor bent over, asking her questions of faith…Later she said, “I remember Pastor coming near, and I was covered and lost in his long, black robes, and he baptized me.”

Mediator? Incarnating God? Lost in his robes? In such veneration, Christianity Today has spun out and left the track. As Paul wrote in I Timothy 2:5, “There is but one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.” And Peter added that all of us are “a royal priesthood.” (I Peter 2:9)

Am I quibbling here? Perhaps a bit. But why don’t more American men attend traditional services along with their wives? Is it maybe because they’ve figured out that the pastor has taken on the role of surrogate husband of every woman in the congregation? Is it because they instinctively recoil from a game where they’re shut out and have to play a passive part? You betcha. When there’s no room left for strong men, they opt out.

Open churches offer a reason to opt back in: unlimited empowerment,which produces men of iron and women of fire.

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Pew Potato

The first half of the book Megashift by James Rutz highlights miracles and supernatural happenings around the world. It’s exciting reading and the author encourages us to get ready for more. The second half highlights the importance of relational gatherings and gives advice on how to start and sustain them. Written in 2005, James’ predictions for Western society was unfortunately overly optimistic, but let’s continue to be true to this vision. I would recommend this book because it contains some great insight into relational gatherings. An excerpt from the book is below.

The Holy Spirit is rapidly revising Christianity.

He is putting at the core of His new church small groups that are interactive, informal, exciting, and geared to rapid multiplication.

This is the beginning of the end for Spectator Christianity. Suddenly, it’s out of style to be a pew potato, doing little for the kingdom except sitting in a row on Sundays, looking at the back of someone’s head, and wondering if your team will win the afternoon game on TV.

For centuries, the main way to express your Christian identity has been by “going to church.” There, a lone, overworked pastor exhorted you to be holy, love your neighbor, be salt and light, and do great stuff for God.

But before you got a chance to actually do any of that, you got a benediction and a hearty handshake at the door…after which you were supposed to go home and improvise your own lifestyle of state-of-the-art sainthood. And a week later, there you were in the pew again, looking at the back of someone’s head.

Both laymen and pastors are starting to figure out what was wrong in that routine: It was like having the hockey team listen to the coach’s pep talk for an hour, and calling that “the game.”

So now we’re changing the whole shebang. Around the world, we’re rapidly drafting Christians into ministry teams-and the players are loving it. The bleachers are beginning to empty as 707 million action-oriented Christians start to pour out onto the playing field and discover the joy and challenge of every-member ministry.

The church’s “fighting force” is thus being multiplied-up to 100 times-as God redeploys large, passive audiences into small, power-filled teams where every person has an important function-plus a chance to widen his or her ministry by reaching out to help more and more people while pursuing the higher gifts.

Instead of one pastor doing the heavy lifting while 100 laymen watch (and often criticize), you may now have 100 “team Christians” sharing the work of ministry while various people with pastoral gifts coach and equip from the sidelines. This megashift to EMPOWERMENT is at the core of the new Christianity.

Being part of a small group takes effort. It requires thinking, whether you’re in a house church or cell church meeting-or some other group with a name like microchurch, heart church, Alpha group, metachurch mouse cell, organic church, Serendipity team, simple church, life transformation group, community of care, jacuzzi fellowship, or just a plain old open church meeting in a pub.

But it’s worth the work. Whereas traditional churches tend to produce spiritual babies, small groups tend to produce maturity. (BABIES is my acronym for Born Again But Is Enjoying Siesta.)

Nobody snoozes in small groups. The body life of the group will buff up your character, soothe your sorrows, sprout your gifts, heal your wounds, lift your spirit, teach your mind, disciple your soul, and bring you face to face with God again and again. You should understand that if you’re serious, an open fellowship looms large in your future. Two generations ago, eminent Christian spokesman A.W. Tozer thundered,

The fact is that we are not producing saints. We are making converts to an effete type of Christianity that bears little resemblance to that of the New Testament. The average so-called Bible Christian in our times is but a wretched parody of true sainthood. Yet we put millions of dollars behind movements to perpetuate this degenerate form of religion and attack the man who dares to challenge the wisdom of it.

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Thoughts from Others

We All Need Therapy

Below is an article from Reformation Rumblings by Buff Scott, Jr. entitled “Taking Another Look at The First Century Assemblies”. If you’re interested in receiving his weekly emails please contact me. Buff writes on a variety of subjects. To find out more about Buff click here. Thank you.

An interesting concept is that the early Christian assemblies were similar to what is known today in the psychiatric field as “Group Therapy.” I participated, and assisted in, organizing and leading Group Therapy sessions when I was employed in the psychiatric arena for 34 years. Group Therapy in the psychiatric realm consists of numerous patients under psychiatric care, plus one or two leaders. The seating arrangement is among the most crucial expressions of each meeting.

Each group was seated either in a circle or semi-circle. Everyone was able to see each other’s face, as opposed to gawking at the back-of heads. Unless a previously agreed-upon topic was announced, the leaders invited anyone with a problem, or simply someone who had a matter to share, to verbalize.    

No one person dominated the meetings by doing all or most of the talking. As participation makes for “therapy” and growth, most everyone in attendance was encouraged because his/her self-esteem was boosted. Alcoholics Anonymous meetings function on the same principle-mutual engagement.     

I envision the early believers practicing “group therapy” as their chief source of encouragement and support. It is assuring that not one scripture can be found that remotely indicates their meetings were dominated by one man, not even in Acts 20:7, where Paul was the visiting apostle and did a lot of talking in the form of reporting. Their meetings were formulated and led by shepherds called “Elders”-mature and older men.    

Actually, the meeting at Troas was a verbal exchange, with Paul being the principal participant. The English Standard Version captures the Greek best by saying that “Paul talked with them.” Our oldest Greek manuscripts do not carry “preached” in Acts 20:7. This was another of King James’ blunders.

Regular meetings called for the benefit of all believers consisted of general participation, but there were occasions when a gifted orator or visiting apostle or evangelist was invited to address the assembly on some special topic, issue, or problem. Paul’s visit to Troas was one of those occasions.     

Consider seriously the idea of all congregations dismissing the paid functionary and substituting group therapy or house meetings in his stead. Reflect on one important result: A staggering sum of money would be available to alleviate the needs of the destitute and promote authentic evangelism, the two commanding ministries of the early believers.

Buff Scott, Jr.

“Mutual ministry” is an attractive term to describe this type of setting. If group therapy-“mutual ministry”-were practiced in our assemblies, not only would a staggering amount of money be available to meet the needs of the genuinely poverty-stricken and promote evangelism, but the average believer’s faith would be strengthened through mutual or group participation.    

Believers would no longer need to be bottle-fed and pampered by an elite servant, the professional cleric or pulpit minister. Self-confidence would increase and he would be prompted to spur others on toward love and good deeds. Heaven’s testimony confirms this idea. “And let us consider how we may spur one another on toward love and good deeds” [Heb. 10:24]. Motivated and insightful leaders would truly shepherd. They would no longer need paid professionals to do their shepherding for them.    

I challenge you to take a firm look at the model I am describing by turning to 1 Corinthians, chapter 14, verses 26-33. Mutual ministry was the order of each assembly. Yes, I know, as the old argument goes, “As time changes, so do cultures, including the assemblies or meetings of believers.” 

But the core or central principle of growth for each believer or participant never changes, regardless of culture-not even in the domestic and secular fields! This principle or precept was designed by someone who knew-the God of wisdom. May He give us a portion of His wisdom as we promote heaven’s design.

Again, please contact me if you would like to be placed on Buff’s mailing list. You can contact me at jirovetto@yahoo.com. The below link is to subscribe to my blogs. Blessings

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Not Of This World

This is the second excerpt from David W. Bercot’s book Will The Real Heretics Please Stand Up. The first excerpt was about love (click here to read) and this excerpt is about serving two masters. Bercot references early writings of the saints and pagans and if you’re not convicted reading this, you don’t have a heartbeat.

“No one can serve two masters,” declared Jesus to his disciples (Matt. 6:24). However, Christians have spent the greater portion of the past two millenniums apparently trying to prove Jesus wrong. We have told ourselves that we can indeed have both the things of God and the things of this world. Many of us live our lives no differently than do conservative non-Christians, except for the fact that we attend church regularly each week. We watch the same entertainment. We share the same concerns about the problems of this world. And we are frequently just as involved in the world’s commercial and materialistic pursuits. Often, our being “not of this world” exists in theory more than in practice.

But the church was not originally like that. The first Christians lived under a completely different set of principles and values than the rest of mankind. They rejected the world’s entertainment, honors, and riches. They were already citizens of another kingdom, and they listened to the voice of a different Master. This was as true of the second century church as it was of the first.

The work of an unknown author, written in about 130, describes Christians to the Romans as follows: “They dwell in their own countries simply as sojourners…. They are in the flesh, but they do not live after the flesh. They pass their days on earth, but they are citizens of heaven. They obey the prescribed laws, and at the same time, they surpass the laws by their lives. They love all men but are persecuted by all. They are unknown and condemned. They are put to death, but [will be] restored to life. They are poor, yet they make many rich. They possess few things; yet, they abound in all. They are dishonored, but in their very dishonor are glorified…. And those who hate them are unable to give any reason for their hatred.”

Because the earth wasn’t their home, the early Christians could say without reservation, like Paul, “to live is Christ, and to die is gain” (Phil. 1:21). Justin Martyr explained to the Romans, “Since our thoughts are not fixed on the present, we are not concerned when men put us to death. Death is a debt we must all pay anyway.”

A second-century elder exhorted his congregation, “Brothers, let us willingly leave our sojourn in this present world so we can do the will of Him who called us. And let us not fear to depart out of this world,…deeming the things of this world as not belonging to us, and not fixing our desires upon them…The Lord declares, ‘No servant can serve two masters.’ If we desire, then, to serve both God and Money, it will be unprofitable for us. ‘For what will it profit if a man gains the whole world, and loses his own soul?’ This world and the next are two enemies…We cannot therefore be the friends of both.”

Cyprian, the respected overseer of the church in Carthage, stressed a similar theme in a letter he wrote to a Christian friend: “The one peaceful and trustworthy tranquility, the one security that is solid, firm, and never changing, is this: for a man to withdraw from the distractions of this world, anchor himself to the firm ground of salvation, and lift his eyes from earth to heaven…He who is actually greater than the world can crave nothing, can desire nothing, from this world. How stable, how unshakable is that safeguard, how heavenly is the protection in its never-ending blessings-to be free from the snares of this entangling world, to be purged from the dregs of earth, and fitted for the light of eternal immortality.”

The same themes run throughout all the writings of the early Christians, from Europe to North Africa: we can’t have both Christ and the world.

Lest we think that the early Christians were describing a lifestyle they didn’t really practice, we have the testimony of the Romans themselves. One pagan antagonist of the Christians remarked:

They despise the temples as houses of the dead. They reject the gods. They laugh at sacred things. Wretched, they pity our priests. Half-naked themselves, they despise honors and purple robes. What incredible audacity and foolishness! They are not afraid of present torments, but they fear those that are uncertain and future. While they do not fear to die for the present, they fear to die after death…

At least learn from your present situation, you wretched people, what actually awaits you after death. See, many of you-in fact, by your own admission, the majority of you-are in want, are cold, are hungry, and are laboring in hard work. Yet, your god allows it. He is either unwilling or unable to assist his people. So he is either weak or unjust…Take notice! For you there are threats, punishments, tortures, and crosses…Where is the god who is supposed to help you when you come back from the dead? He cannot even help you in this life! Do not the Romans, without any help from your god, govern, rule over, and have the enjoyment of the whole world, including dominion over you yourselves?

In the meantime, living in suspense and anxiety, you abstain from respectable pleasures. You do not attend sporting events. You have no interest in public amusements.You reject the public banquets, and abhor the sacred games…Thus, wretched as you are, you will neither rise from the dead, nor enjoy life in the meanwhile. So, if you have any wisdom or sense, stop prying into the heavens and the destinies and secrets of the world…Persons who are unable to understand civil matters are certainly unable to discuss divine ones.

David W. Bercot

When I first read the criticisms that the Romans leveled against the Christians, I painfully realized that no one would accuse Christians today of those same charges. We aren’t criticized for being totally absorbed in the interests of a heavenly kingdom, ignoring the things the world has to offer. In fact, Christians today are accused of just the opposite-of being money hungry and hypocritical in our devotion to God.

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A Love Without Condition

An excerpt from Will The Real Heretics Please Stand Up by David W. Bercot. Sometimes you just need a hard Reset!

At no other time in the history of Christianity did love so characterize the entire church as it did in the first three centuries. And Roman society took note. Tertullian reported that the Romans would exclaim, “See how they love one another!” Justin Martyr sketched Christian love this way: “We who used to value the acquisition of wealth and possessions more than anything else now bring what we have into a common fund and share it with anyone who needs it. We used to hate and destroy one another and refused to associate with people of another race or country. Now, because of Christ, we live together with such people and pray for our enemies.”

Clement, describing the person who has come to know God, wrote, “He impoverishes himself out of love, so that he is certain he may never overlook a brother in need, especially if he knows he can bear poverty better than his brother. He likewise considers the pain of another as his own pain. And if he suffers any hardship because of having given out of his own poverty, he does not complain.”

When a devastating plague swept across the ancient world in the third century, Christians were the only ones who cared for the sick, which they did at the risk of contracting the plague themselves. Meanwhile, pagans were throwing infected members of their own families into the streets even before they died, in order to protect themselves from the disease.

Another example illustrates both the brotherly love of Christians and their uncompromising commitment to Jesus as Lord. A pagan actor became a Christian, but he realized he had to change his employment because most plays encouraged immorality and were steeped in pagan idolatry. Furthermore, the theater sometimes purposefully turned boys into homosexuals so they could better play the roles of women on stage. Since this newly-converted actor had no other job skills, he considered establishing an acting school to teach drama to non-Christian students. However, he first submitted his idea to the leaders of his church for their counsel.

The leaders told him that if acting was an immoral profession then it would be wrong to train others in it. Nevertheless, since this was a rather novel question, they wrote to Cyprian in nearby Carthage for his thoughts. Cyprian agreed that a profession unfit for a Christian to practice was also unfit for him to teach, even if this was his sole means of support.

David W. Bercot

How many of us would be so concerned about righteousness that we would submit our employment decisions to our body of elders or board of deacons? How many church leaders today would be so concerned about offending God that they would take such an uncompromising position?

But that isn’t the end of the story. Cyprian also told this neighboring church that they should be willing to support the actor if he had no other means of earning a living-just as they supported orphans, widows, and other needy persons. Going further, he wrote, “If your church is financially unable to support him, he may move over to us and here receive whatever he needs for food and clothing.” Cyprian and his church didn’t even know this actor, yet they were willing to support him because he was a fellow believer. As one Christian told the Romans, “We love one another with a mutual love because we do not know how to hate.” If Christians today made such a statement to the world, would the world believe it?

The love of the early Christians wasn’t limited simply to their fellow believers. Christians also lovingly helped non-believers: the poor, the orphans, the elderly, the sick, the shipwrecked even their persecutors. Jesus had said, “Love your enemies…and pray for those who spitefully use you and persecute you” (Matt. 5:44). The early Christians accepted this statement as a command from their Lord, rather than as an ideal that couldn’t be actually practiced in real life.

Lactantius wrote, “If we all derive our origin from one man, whom God created, we are plainly all of one family. Therefore it must be considered an abomination to hate another human, no matter how guilty he may be. For this reason, God has decreed that we should hate no one, but that we should eliminate hatred. So we can comfort our enemies by reminding them of our mutual relationship. For if we have all been given life from the same God, what else are we but brothers?…Because we are all brothers, God teaches us to never do evil to one another, but only good-giving aid to those who are oppressed and experiencing hardship, and giving food to the hungry.”

It’s no wonder that Christianity spread rapidly throughout the ancient world, even though there were few organized missionary or evangelism programs. The love they practiced drew the attention of the world, just as Jesus said it would.

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Help! The Sheep are Escaping

This is the second excerpt from Selwyn R. Stevens’ book and it highlights where many of our current church practices originated from. If you’re interested in getting more details you can pick up the classic book Pagan Christianity authored by Frank Viola and George Barna. You can check out Selwyn’s website here. He has some great free material available here.

Church buildings: were first constructed by the Roman emperor, Constantine (285-337), around 327AD. They were patterned after Roman basilicas, modeled after Greek temples.

The Pastor’s Chair: was originally the Cathedra, the seat of the judge in the Roman basilica.

Tax-exempt status for Churches & Clergy: This was granted by the Roman emperor Constantine, in 323AD, to make them equal to the tax-free privilege for Pagan priests.

Stained Glass Windows: Introduced by Gregory of Tours, perfected by Sugar (1081-1151), abbot of St Denis.

Gothic Cathedrals: were first erected in 12th Century, according to the pagan philosophy of Plato.

The Church Steeple: Based on ancient Babylonian and Egyptian architecture and philosophy, this medieval invention was popularized by Sir Christopher Wren, noted occultist.

The Pulpit: The earliest known use in a Christian church was 250AD. It was derived from the Greek “ambo” used by Greeks to deliver monologues.

Sunday Morning Order of Worship: Evolved from Gregory’s Mass in 6th Century.

Communion Table: Introduced by Ulrich Zwingli in 16th Century.

Taking Communion Quarterly: Introduced by Ulrich Zwingli in 16th Century.

Two lit Candles on Communion Table: Used in the ceremonial court of Roman emperors in the 4th Century.

The Pew: Developed in England from the 13th Century onward.

Congregation Standing & Singing when Clergy enter: Borrowed from ceremonial court of Roman emperors in 4th Century.

The Altar-Call: Instituted by 17th Century Methodists, popularlized later by Charles Finney.

The Sermon: Borrowed by Greek sophists, masters of oratory and rhetoric. John Chrysostom and Augustine popularized the Greek-Roman homily.

The Single Leader (Bishop or Pastor): Ignatius of Antioch in early 2nd century. Did not prevail as model until 3rd century.

The “Covering” Doctrine: Former pagan orator, Cyprian of Carthage. Revived under Juan Carlos Ortiz of Argentina, and the “Fort Lauderdale Five” from USA, who created the “Shepherding Movement” during the 1970’s, since repented of.

Hierarchical Leadership: Imposed by Roman emperor, Constantine in 4th Century. This was the leadership model from the Babylonians, Persians, Greeks and Romans.

Clergy and Laity: The term “laity” first appeared in writings of Clement of Rome approx. 100AD. Clergy first appeared in Tertullian’s writings (160-225) in 2nd Century, with Christian leaders all called clergy by 3rd Century. (The term “nicolaitan” means to enslave the laity.)

Celibacy of Clergy: Required by Pope Siricius (334-399). This was carried over from the enforced celibacy required by the Priests of Mithras, a major pagan religion in Rome prior to then.

Ordination: From the Roman custom of appointing men to civil office. Augustine, Gregory of Nazianzus and Crysostom developed the idea of the minister being “the holy man of God.”

The Title “Pastor”: Developed by Lutherans as an alternative title to the Priest of the Roman church.

Clergy Attire: Began in 330AD when Christian clergy began to copy the dress of Roman officials.

The Clerical or Backwards Collar: Invented by Dr. Donald McLeod of Glasgow in 1865.

The Church Choir: Copied from Roman imperial ceremonies, and Greek dramas and temples.

Funeral Processions and Orations: Borrowed from Greco-Roman paganism of 3rd Century.

The Worship Team: Developed by Chuck Smith of Calvary Chapel in 1965, patterned after secular rock concerts.

The “Sinners’ Prayer”: Originated with D.L.Moody (1837-1899), popularized in 1950’s through Billy Graham’s “Peace with God” tract, and later with Campus Crusade for Christ’s “4 Spiritual Laws.”

Use of the Term, “Personal Savior”: Originated in mid-1800’s by Frontier-Revivalists, later popularized by Charles Fuller (1887-1968).

Infant Baptism: Rooted in superstitious beliefs in Greco-Roman culture. Brought into Christian practice in 2nd century, replaced adult baptism by 5th century.

Sprinkling replacing Immersion: began in late Middle ages.

Baptism Separated from Conversion: Began in early 2nd century, based on legalistic view that baptism was the only medium for the forgiveness of sins.

The Lord’s Supper Condensed from full Agape Meal to only Cup and Bread: Late 2nd century, resulting from pagan ritual influences and anti-Semitism, and enforced by Roman Emperor Constantine (4th Century) and later emperors who saw themselves as leaders of the church. (This is a fraction of the Jewish Passover which reveals the Messiah.)

Tithing: Became a widespread Christian practice in 8th Century. Copied from 10% rent charge by Roman empire, and later justified using the Old Testament.

Clergy Salaries: Instituted by Roman Emperor Constantine in 4th Century.

The Collection Plate: The Alms dish appeared in 14th Century, Passing the collection plate began in 1662.

The Catholic Seminary: Early result of the Council of Trent (1545-1563), a reaction to the Protestant Reformation. The curriculum was based on the teachings of Thomas Aquinas, which blended Aristotle’s philosophy, Neoplatonic philosophy and Christian doctrine. Aquinas created the new doctrine of transubstantiation.

The Protestant Seminary: Began in 1808 in Andover, Massachusetts, with a curriculum also based by teachings of Thomas Aquinas.

The Bible College: Influenced by revivalist D.L.Moody, started in NewYork (1882) and Chicago (1886).

The Sunday School: Created by Robert Raikes from Britain in 1780. It was designed to teach poor children basics of education and had nothing to do with religious instruction.

The Youth Pastor: Developed in urban churches during the 1930’s onward to meet the needs of a new socialogical class called “teenagers.”

Chapter Numbers in the New Testament: Created by Stephen Langton, a professor at University of Paris, in 1227.

Verses added to New Testament Chapters: by printer, Robert Stephanus in 1551.

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Meeting Together Manifesto

The book Help! The Sheep are Escaping by Selwyn R. Stevens is only 96 pages but it’s packed full of goodness. This would be a great book for anyone sitting on the fence about attending or even starting a relational gathering. The chapter discussing the definitions of “ekklesia” and “church” are very easy to understand. The excerpt below is from a section called New Testament Church: Meeting Together Manifesto.

  1. We are the Church, People not Steeples.
    The church is not buildings. There is a growing, deep recognition that “We are the church. The English word “church” is from the Greek word “ekklesia” and means “the assembly,” “those gathered together.” It is not something one goes to or joins or has or does. We are the church! Many of God’s people are returning to this simple way of being the church, learning to just walk with God and enjoy Him!
  2. Jesus is the Head of the Church; He is building it.
    The church has but one Head, Jesus. No person should interfere with His sovereign leadership of every believer and every gathering of believers. He is in charge, not us. He promised that wherever two or three are gathered together in His name, that He would be in our midst. We also need to yield to Him for results and not think it is by our cleverness, labor, wisdom, or creativity that the church will be built. Psalm 44 is wonderful meditation of our need of Him, His mercy, and His favor.
  3. The Church gathers anywhere, typically in homes.
    The “church gathered” can happen any where and at any time – any where and any time two or three are gathered together in His Name (Matthew 18:20). The most common Biblical place of gathering is the homes of believers (Acts 2:1-2, 2:46, 5:42, 8:3, 10:24-27, 12:12, 16:40, 20:20, 28:30-31; Romans 16:3-5, 16:23; 1 Corinthians 16:19; Colossians 4:15; and Philemon 2). At times, the “whole church” comes together in one place 1 Cor 14:26. Today, most churches have dispensed with meeting regularly in homes, preferring anonymity over intimacy and responsibility.
  4. The Church gathers for loving ministry one to another, not to be an audience.
    Churches make the mistake often of organizing around a few gifts (pastors, teachers) and even institutionalize them and make them above all other giftings and servants till they literally exclude every other function as less than legitimate “church.” When the church gathers, it is not to be an audience for lectures and entertainment, but rather it is to be a multi-gifted, all-as-ministers, functioning Body, where all (men and women) are free to fully participate under the Holy Spirit’s leading and anointing in ministering to one another (1 Peter 4:8-11; Ephesians 4:16; 1 Corinthians 12-14).
Selwyn R. Stevens, Ph.D.
  1. The Church has leading servants, not priests.
    All in the church are servants, it is the highest calling. Some are
    recognized for their faithfulness in serving and become leading
    servants. Scripture calls these Elders and Deacons. They are servants of servants. This leadership, submitted to Jesus, and to one another, is:
    a. Shared among several, rather than consolidated in one person (Acts 14:23, 15:6, 20:17; Titus 1:5, etc.).
    b. Raised up from within by the Holy Spirit, rather than brought in from the outside (Acts 14:23, 20:17; Titus 1:5, etc.).
    c. Serving, releasing, and coaching the members in their giftings and ministries to be a functioning Body; rather than to control, manipulate, and do all of the ministering themselves.
    d. Alongside the members- serving together, not above other members or between them and God.
  2. The Church exists in locality, undivided by doctrinal or
    other differences.

    The church exists by locality, i.e., “the church which is at Cenchrea” (Romans 16:1). In your locality there is only one church – we need to begin to think, talk, and walk this important truth. We are members with all believers in our locality, and owe them our love and service. The church in the US has been splintered into almost 200 denominations and divisions by the focus on heads (knowledge and theology), not hearts.
  3. The Church scatters to be light among the lost.
    Churches really get confused when they organize around the lost. Some even make that their whole focus (seeker-sensitive, or gospel message based, etc.). God calls us first and foremost to be, not to do. Church is not something we go to a few hours a week, it is something we are 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. As His servants at all times, we need to act in such a way as to bring Him honor. The highest recognition in the world is to have someone ask us a reason of the hope they see in us.

You can check out Selwyn’s website here. He has some great free material available here.

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Biblical Church

Knots and Nets

A knot is a structure made on a length of rope by twisting the rope around itself. Knots often bind the rope to itself or other objects. According to the Ashley Book of Knots, there are over 3,800 core knots in the world. Different knots serve different purposes.

After I moved to Phoenix, I began searching for relational fellowships around the area. Most of the gatherings had little to no social presence, many I found through word of mouth or by people contacting me via my website. I was surprised by the number of groups out there. (See my Relationships page). I was also surprised by how different each group was. They all follow the four pillars referred to in Acts 2:42, but each group is unique in its expression. Like knots, these groups serve different purposes.

I was visiting a knot in Sun City hosted by John and Marlena and a word came out about nets. It really struck me. Knots are really great but it’s only when you connect the knots together that you can build an effective net. Nets are better at catching fish than knots. Small independent groups have a tendency to focus inward which can result in losing fish. Let me explain:

If an older person decides to explore a relational fellowship for the first time and happens to visit a group that caters to young people, they will most likely not feel comfortable. What happens? There’s a good chance they won’t come back and may even abandon their search for a group. However, if the host knows there are other groups meeting, that might be more suitable, they can redirect them somewhere else. Having a network of independent relational fellowships knowing each other and knowing the strengths of each group helps catch fish.

We’re not in competition with each other and we don’t get upset when someone doesn’t connect with our group. It’s not personal. We need to have the best interest of the seeker in mind and then try to connect them to a group where they can feel at home. We need to start looking outward and begin connecting with others.

If you haven’t checked out my Resources page, please do. I’ve read lots of books about relational fellowships over the last few years and have posted some great excerpts. While meditating on knots and nets, I was reading the book The Community of the King by Howard A. Snyder published in 1977. This was the first time I read something about groups connecting. The excerpt is below.

Much harm can be done to the body by a small group with an independent spirit which goes off on a tangent and creates division. There must therefore be coordination among such structures, both on the local level and more broadly. In a local church community, at least one person from each group, with some gifts for leadership, should participate in a coordinating group which acts as a clearing-house for information and a center for ideas and planning. Thus the groups are mutually supportive, each contributing to the other, demonstrating in still another respect the mutuality of the body of Christ.

Similarly, each group is not to carry out its specific mission in total isolation or independence from other groups. All groups are part of the body. Cooperation is needed between the groups to achieve maximum effectiveness. This is true within a local church community and the same thing applies to several local churches within a city or suburb. James F. Engel and H. Wilbert Norton in their book What’s Gone Wrong with the Harvest? demonstrate the need for such cooperation and show how to go about it. This cooperation is equally necessary at regional, national and world levels where cooperative planning and coordination is notoriously lacking. As David McKenna suggests, too often in the Church a wide span…exists between brothers who share a common faith and partners who are willing to share common resources.

Let me encourage you to start looking outward. Pray that God will help you find and connect with other groups. If someone contacts you and is looking for somewhere to meet, go out for coffee, ask them what they’re looking for and connect them to a group that fits their needs. Let’s start to spread our nets in preparation for a great move to relational fellowships.

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Books / Videos

The Yoke of Christ

The excerpt below is from the book The Yoke of Christ by Elton Trueblood published in 1958.

(Jesus) did not leave a book; He did not leave an army; He did not leave an organization, in the ordinary sense.  What He left, instead, was a little redemptive fellowship made up of extremely common people whose total impact was miraculous…It is hard for us to visualize what early Christianity was like.  Certainly, it was very different from the Christianity known to us today.  There were no fine buildings…There was no hierarchy; there were no theological seminaries; there were no Christian colleges; there were no Sunday Schools; there were no choirs.  Only small groups of believers-small fellowships.

In the beginning there wasn’t even a New Testament.  The New Testament itself was not so much a cause of these fellowships as a result of them.  Thus the first books of the New Testament were the letters written to the little fellowships partly because of their difficulties, dangers and temptations.  All that they had was the fellowship; nothing else; no standing; no prestige; no honor…The early Christians were not a people of standing, but they had a secret power among them, and the secret power resulted from the way in which they were members one of another…

Can you think of what it must have been like?  One little fellowship was meeting in a home in Philippi…mostly Christians gathered in homes…What occurred in the ancient civilization was the organic development of the fellowship but never a merely individual Christianity.  That would not have been able to survive.  The fellowship was the only thing that could win.  The early Christians came together to strengthen one another and to encourage one another in their humble gatherings such as are described in 1 Corinthians 14, and then they went out into their ministry in the Greco-Roman world…All of these parts (of the Empire) were touched because the fellowship itself had such intensity, such vitality, and such power…

If all the salt is washed out of (the fellowship), if all that is left is just the worldly emphasis of respectability and fine buildings, an ecclesiastical structure and conventional religion with the redemptive power gone, it isn’t partly good; it isn’t any good.  Christ is saying that mild religion, far from being of partial value, is of utterly no value…It is easy to go on with a system.  But Christ says it isn’t worth a thing.

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